Why worry about dental care for our pets?

Bacteria buildup from food particles cause plaque to form which leads to tartar (calculus), eventually gingivitis and periodontal disease.  Teeth begin to decay, bad breath becomes a problem as well as bleeding gums and tooth loss.  The real threat is the complications that arise when the bacteria begins circulating through the bloodstream, potentially damaging the heart, liver, kidneys and lungs.

Plaque:  Food particles and bacteria collect along the gum line forming plaque. Routine home care can remove this plaque.
Tartar:   Minerals in the saliva combine with the plaque and form tartar (calculus), which adheres strongly to the teeth. The tartar is irritating to the gums and causes them to become red and inflamed (gingivitis).  At this point, bad breath usually is apparent.
Periodontal disease: Tartar begins to build up below the gum line and forms 'pockets' or gaps between the gums and the teeth which encourages bacteria growth.  This damage is irreversible.   It can be very painful and can lead to loose teeth, abscesses, bone loss or infection.  There is potential for this increase in bacteria to enter the bloodstream where it affects the heart valves, liver and kidneys.  If treated, periodontal disease can be slowed or stopped.

Home oral exam: Look for initial  signs of gum disease such as bad breath, red and swollen gums, yellow-brown crust of tartar around the gum line and pain (often noticed when eating) or bleeding when you touch the gums or mouth. Keep an eye open for discoloured, fractured or missing teeth. 

Oral disease may affect your pet's behaviour and sociability !

 Small dogs are often more likely to develop tooth problems due to the fact that their mouths are compact and the teeth become crowded, providing prime conditions for bacteria and plaque buildup.  

Cervical line lesions (CLL) are a common dental disease of  cats.  These often begin below the gum line and usually go unnoticed until the cat begins to experience discomfort.  By this point, the tooth is often beyond repair.

Sneezing and nasal discharge may be due to an infection of the upper canine tooth. The infection may cause an opening between the mouth and nasal cavity (oralnasal fistula).

Pet dental care has advanced considerably in recent years, and while some owners are still getting used to the idea, brushing your pets' teeth and taking them for regular prophylactic cleanings can prevent many health problems and contribute to overall well-being.

Some dental facts

Dogs:

• 28 temporary (deciduous / 'baby') teeth, 14 upper and 14 lower.
• Erupt at about 3-4 weeks of age - canine teeth erupt first followed by incisors, premolars, then molars.
• Normally fall out before the corresponding adult tooth emerges (about 4 months of age) - canine teeth  erupt first followed by incisors, molars, then premolars..
• Adults have 42 permanent teeth, 20 upper and 22 lower.

Cats:

• 26 temporary (deciduous / 'baby') teeth, 14 upper and 12 lower.
• Erupt at 2-4 weeks
• Normally fall out before the corresponding adult tooth emerges (about 3-4 months of age).
• Adults have 30 permanent teeth, 15 upper and 14 lower.
  

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